Chowonadi chomvetsa chisoni ndichakuti masoka amachitika.Ngakhale anthu amene amakonzekera masoka achilengedwe, monga mphepo yamkuntho kapena moto wolusa, angakumanebe ndi mavuto aakulu.Mavuto amtunduwu akawononga nyumba ndi matauni, anthu ndi mabanja amapeza kuti akufunika kupanga zisankho zazikulu zingapo munthawi yochepa, kuphatikiza ngati atsalira kapena kuchoka.
Pamene mphepo yamkuntho, moto wolusa, mvula yamkuntho, kusefukira kwa madzi, kapena chivomezi chadutsa, pali chosankha chimodzi chachikulu chimene anthu ambiri ayenera kupanga: Pambuyo pa kutaya chilichonse patsoka, kodi mumamanganso malo omwewo kapena kunyamula katundu ndi kupita kwinakwake kotetezeka?Nazi mfundo zazikulu zofunika kuziganizira poyesa kuyankha funso ngati limeneli.
- Kodi mungamangenso zomanga zapamwamba zomwe zingapangitse nyumba yanu yatsopano kukhala yolimba komanso yosagonjetsedwa ndi tsoka kuposa yakaleyo?
- Kodi mudzatha kupeza (kapena kukwanitsa) inshuwaransi panyumba yomangidwanso mdera latsoka?
- Kodi anthu oyandikana nawo nyumba, mabizinesi am'deralo ndi ntchito zaboma zitha kubwerera ndikumanganso?
Poganizira kuti mufunika kupanga chisankho chovutachi posachedwa tsoka likachitika, tapanga chitsogozo chokuthandizani kukonzekera.Mukaganizira mozama komanso mosamala, mudzatha kusankha zochita mwanzeru pa banja lanu.
Mitundu ya Masoka Achilengedwe Okhudza Ogula ndi Eni Nyumba
Mukamagula nyumba, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuopsa kwake.Madera osiyanasiyana komanso malo amawulula eni nyumba ku zoopsa zosiyanasiyana, ndipo muyenera kudziwa zomwe mukulembetsa, malinga ndi nyengo komanso kuopsa kwa chilengedwe.
- Mvula yamkuntho.Ngati mumagula nyumba m'mphepete mwa nyanja yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi nyengo yotentha, muyenera kufufuza kuopsa kwa mphepo yamkuntho kuderalo.Palinso zolemba zapaintaneti zomwe zikuwonetsa komwe mphepo yamkuntho iliyonse yagunda US kuyambira 1985.
- Moto wolusa.Madera ambiri ali pachiwopsezo cha moto wolusa, kuphatikiza omwe ali ndi nyengo yotentha, yowuma, ndi nkhalango zomwe zidagwa.Mapu a pa intaneti amatha kuwonetsa madera omwe ali pachiwopsezo chamoto wamtchire.
- Zivomezi.Muyeneranso kufufuza za chiwopsezo cha chivomezi mnyumba mwanu.FEMA Earthquake Hazard Maps ndiwothandiza powonetsa madera omwe ali pachiwopsezo kwambiri.
- Kusefukira kwa madzi.Mofananamo, ngati mutagula nyumba m'dera la kusefukira kwa madzi (mutha kuyang'ana FEMA Flood Map Service), muyenera kukonzekera kuti kusefukira kwa madzi.
- Tornado.Mukagula nyumba m'dera la Tornado Alley, muyenera kudziwa kuopsa kwanu ndikuchitapo kanthu.
Nthawi zambiri, m'madera omwe chiopsezo chimakhala chachikulu, ogula nyumba ayenera kuyang'ana nyumba zomwe zimamangidwa kuti zisawonongeke masoka achilengedwe a m'madera momwe angathere.
Masoka Amawononga Nyumba - ndi Miyoyo
Masoka achilengedwe angayambitse kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa nyumba, koma kuchuluka kwake ndi mtundu wa zowonongeka zimasiyana kwambiri.Mwachitsanzo, mphepo yamkuntho imatha kuwononga chifukwa cha mphepo yamkuntho, koma mphepo yamkuntho ingayambitsenso chiwonongeko chachikulu.Mphepo yamkuntho imathanso kuyambitsa mphepo yamkuntho.Kuphatikiza uku kungafanane ndi kutayika kwakukulu komanso ngakhale kutaya kwathunthu kwa katundu.
Ndipo tonse taona kuonongeka kwa nyumba pambuyo pa moto, kusefukira kwa madzi, kapena chivomezi.Zochitika zimenezi zimatchedwa “masoka” pazifukwa zina.Kukhazikika kwadongosolo la nyumba kumatha kuonongeka kwambiri ndi chilichonse mwa izi, ndikuchisiya kukhala chosakhalamo.
Kuphatikiza pa masoka omwe amawononga denga ndi zomangamanga, nyumba yomwe ikuvutika ngakhale madzi osachepera masentimita angapo angafunike kukonzanso kwakukulu komanso kukonzanso nkhungu.Momwemonso, moto wolusa ukayaka, moto ndi utsi zimawonongeka zimasiya zovuta zomwe zimapitilira zomwe zimawonekera - monga fungo ndi phulusa loyandama.
Komabe, si nyumba zokha zimene zimavutika pakachitika tsoka lachilengedwe;moyo wa anthu m’nyumba zimenezo ukhoza kukhazikika kotheratu.Malinga ndi zomwe bungwe lopereka chithandizo kwa ana la Ana la World World linanena, “ Masoka achilengedwe, monga kusefukira kwa madzi ndi mphepo yamkuntho, anakakamiza anthu 4.5 miliyoni padziko lonse kusiya nyumba zawo m’theka loyamba la 2017. Anaphatikizapo mazana a zikwi za ana amene maphunziro awo anaimitsidwa kapena zasokonekera chifukwa masukulu akuwonongeka kwambiri kapena kuonongeka ndi nyengo yoipa.”
Masukulu, mabizinesi, ndi mabungwe ogwira ntchito zamatauni nawonso amakhudzidwa ndi masoka achilengedwe, zomwe zimasiya madera onse kusankha ngati angamanganso kapena kusiya.Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa masukulu kumatanthauza kuti ana ammudzi adzakhala osaphunzira kwa miyezi ingapo kapena kubalalitsidwa kupita kusukulu zosiyanasiyana zapafupi.Ntchito zaboma monga apolisi, ozimitsa moto, ogwira ntchito zadzidzidzi, ndi zipatala atha kupeza kuti malo awo kapena ogwira nawo ntchito ali pachiwopsezo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito zisokonezeke.Masoka achilengedwe amawononga mizinda yonse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti eni nyumba asankhe kusankha kukhala kapena kuchoka.
Kukhala Kapena Kupita?The Public Debate
Pankhani yosankha kukhala ndi kumanganso kapena kuchoka ndi kupita patsogolo pakachitika tsoka lachilengedwe, kumbukirani kuti sindinu oyamba kukumana ndi chisankho chovutachi.Ndipotu, popeza masoka achilengedwe amakhudza madera akuluakulu, pali mikangano yambiri ya anthu ngati anthu onse akuyenera kutenga ndalama zokwera mtengo zomanganso.
Mwachitsanzo, kukambitsirana kwapagulu kosalekeza kumatsutsana za nzeru yogwiritsira ntchito ndalama za boma kumanganso matauni a m’mphepete mwa nyanja kumene kuthekera kwa mphepo yamkuntho kuli kwenikweni.Nyuzipepala ya The New York Times inati: “M’dziko lonselo, ndalama zamisonkho zokwana mabiliyoni makumi ambiri zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito popereka ndalama zothandizira kumanganso madera a m’mphepete mwa nyanja pambuyo pa chimphepo chamkuntho, kaŵirikaŵiri popanda kulingalira kwenikweni ngati n’komveka kupitiriza kumanganso m’madera amene mukuchitika masoka.”Asayansi ambiri amanena kuti kumanganso m’madera amenewa n’kungowononga ndalama ndipo kumaika miyoyo ya anthu pachiswe.
Komabe, pafupifupi 30 peresenti ya anthu aku US amakhala pafupi ndi gombe.Kukonzekera kwa kusamuka kwakukulu kungakhale kodabwitsa.Ndipo kusiya nyumba ndi madera omwe amawadziwa komanso kuwakonda kwa mibadwo yonse si chinthu chophweka kwa aliyense.Nyuzipepala ya The Tylt inati: “Pafupifupi 63 peresenti ya dzikoli inachirikiza ndalama zamisonkho zopita ku New York ndi New Jersey pambuyo pa [Mkuntho wa Hurricane] Sandy, ndipo anthu ambiri a ku America amaona kuti madera oyandikana nawo ndi ogwirizana ndipo n’ngofunika kukhala pamodzi.Kusiya madera a m’mphepete mwa nyanja kungawononge midzi yonse ya anthu ndi kusokoneza mabanja.”
Pamene mukuwerengabe, muwona kuti kusankha kumeneku sikungakhale komwe mungathe kupanga nokha;zisankho zamagulu ozungulira nyumba yanu zidzagwiranso ntchito.Ndi iko komwe, ngati anthu ammudzi mwanu asankha kusamanganso, chidzatsala chiyani kwa inu?
Ndalama Zapachaka kwa Eni Nyumba
Masoka achilengedwe amawononga ndalama zambiri m'njira zosiyanasiyana, ngakhalenso ndalama.Malinga ndi lipoti Natural Disasters 'Economic Impact, "2018 chinali chaka chachinayi chotsika mtengo kwambiri cha masoka achilengedwe m'mbiri […] Iwo adawononga $160 biliyoni, pomwe theka lawo linali ndi inshuwaransi [...] 2017 idawononga chuma cha US $307 biliyoni.Panali zochitika 16 zomwe zimawononga ndalama zoposa $ 1 biliyoni iliyonse."
Monga momwe Forbes akulongosolera, “moto umawononga kwambiri eni nyumba, ndipo ndalama zokwana madola 6.3 biliyoni zawonongeka pakati pa 2015 ndi 2017 zokha.Kusefukira kwa madzi kunawonongetsa eni nyumba pafupifupi madola 5.1 biliyoni panthawiyo, pamene mphepo yamkuntho ndi mvula yamkuntho inawononga ndalama zokwana madola 4.5 biliyoni.”
Misewu ndi zomangamanga zazikulu zikawonongeka, ndalama zamagulu zimakwera kwambiri.Kuphatikiza apo, omwe alibe inshuwaransi nthawi zambiri amatha kubweza ndalama, ndipo nyumba zawo zowonongeka zimakhala zosakonzedwa.Ngakhale ndi thandizo la federal kapena boma ladzidzidzi, anthu ena sangakwanitse kukhala.
Kuti mudziwe bwino za ndalama zomwe eni nyumba amawononga pachaka, onani lipoti la MSN MoneyTalksNews lomwe likuwunika kuchuluka kwa masoka achilengedwe m'boma lililonse.
Malingaliro a Inshuwaransi
Eni nyumba ayenera kugula inshuwalansi yoyenerera kuti ateteze nyumba ndi katundu wawo pakagwa tsoka.Komabe, inshuwaransi yapanyumba imakhala yovuta, ndipo si masoka onse omwe amaphimbidwa.
Monga momwe bulogu yazachuma MarketWatch ikufotokozera, "Kwa eni nyumba, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti nyumbayo ziwonongeke zidzatsimikizira kuti ndizofunikira pazifukwa za inshuwaransi, chifukwa kubweza kudzadalira momwe kuwonongeka kudayambika.Panthawi yamkuntho, ngati mphepo yamkuntho imayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa denga komwe kumapangitsa kuti madzi achulukane m'nyumba, inshuwalansi idzaphimba.Koma ngati mtsinje wapafupi uphwanyidwa chifukwa cha mvula yambiri ndiyeno n’kuchititsa kusefukira kwa madzi, kuwonongeka kwa nyumba kungathetsedwe ngati eni ake ali ndi inshuwalansi ya kusefukira kwa madzi.”
Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kukhala ndi inshuwaransi yoyenera - makamaka ngati mugula nyumba kudera lomwe masoka achilengedwe amatha kuchitika.Monga momwe Forbes akulongosolera, “eni nyumba ayenera kudziŵa masoka amene angachitike m’dera lawo, kotero kuti adzitetezera moyenerera kuti asawonongedwe.”
Kumvetsetsa ndi Kuchepetsa Zowopsa
Zingakhale zosavuta kuganiza mozama kwambiri pakangochitika tsoka lachilengedwe.Komabe, musanapange chisankho chokhazikika chokhudza kukhala kapena kuchoka, muyenera kuchepetsa kuopsako.
Mwachitsanzo, Rice University Business School ikufotokoza kuti: “Ngakhale kuti sitingathe kuneneratu pamene tsoka lina lidzachitika, m’pofunika kuti tisaganize kuti popeza tinasefukira posachedwapa, kusefukira kwa madzi kudzachitikanso posachedwapa.Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti anthu akamakonzekera zam’tsogolo, amaona kuti zimene zikuchitika posachedwapa zimafunika kwambiri.”
Komabe, ndi bwino kuganizira kuopsa kwake ndi kusankha zochita mwanzeru.Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukukhala m’dera limene kumakonda kuchitika mphepo yamkuntho, muyenera kuganizira ngati mungapulumuke chimphepo china kapena ngati zingakhale bwino kuti musamuke.Mofananamo, ngati munakhala m’chigumula ndikupitirizabe kukhala m’dera la kusefukira kwa madzi, ndi kwanzeru kusungitsa ndalama ku inshuwalansi ya kusefukira kwa madzi.Komanso, onaninso ma USmaps omwe akuwonetsa ngozi zachilengedwe monga zivomezi, kusefukira kwa madzi, mvula yamkuntho ndi mphepo yamkuntho kuti zikuthandizeni kudziwa bwino zomwe zingachitike mdera lanu.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-15-2021
